{"title":"Ink market in Europe","url":"https://cresques.com/markets/europe/226-ink","scope":"Europe (30 countries: EU, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein)","category":{"cpvGroup":"226","label":"Ink"},"updated":"2026-11-13","period":{"from":"2023-11-01","to":"2026-11-13"},"answer":"In 2025, public buyers in 30 European countries awarded 50 supply contracts for ink through award notices on TED; the 30 of them that state a value (60%) add up to €3.17 million. EU countries together imported €5.78 billion of goods in the customs headings matched to ink in 2025 (Eurostat Comext, HS 3215; sum of national imports, trade between EU countries included; all buyers, not only public ones), down 6.6% from 2023.","facts":["Since November 2023, 59 companies have won 144 public supply contracts for ink in 30 European countries, in 58 award notices from 42 public buyers.","12.5% of these awards went to a company registered in a different country from the buyer; the most frequent foreign origin is Switzerland.","The five companies that win most often hold 29.9% of all awards across Europe.","11.3% of the awards whose notice states the number of tenders received a single bid."],"publicProcurement":{"awards":144,"awardNotices":58,"winningCompanies":59,"publicBuyers":42,"awardsWithValue":81,"awardedValueEur":12179001,"localAwards":126,"foreignAwards":18,"top5Share":0.2986111111111111,"singleBidAwards":16,"awardsWithKnownBids":141,"byYear":[{"year":2023,"awards":1,"awardNotices":1,"awardsWithValue":1,"awardedValueEur":249096},{"year":2024,"awards":36,"awardNotices":19,"awardsWithValue":24,"awardedValueEur":2413359},{"year":2025,"awards":50,"awardNotices":14,"awardsWithValue":30,"awardedValueEur":3167194},{"year":2026,"awards":57,"awardNotices":24,"awardsWithValue":26,"awardedValueEur":6349352}]},"imports":{"source":"Eurostat Comext, imports from all partners (WORLD)","customsHeadings":[{"hs4":"3215","label":"Printing ink, writing or drawing ink and other inks, whether or not concentrated or solid"}],"byYear":[{"year":2023,"valueEur":6192591262},{"year":2024,"valueEur":6092856581},{"year":2025,"valueEur":5781552490}]},"officialContext":{"sentences":["All public purchasing in the EU-27 — general government spending on goods, services and investment, the measure the OECD and the European Commission use for public procurement — came to €2.93 trillion in 2025, 15.5% of GDP (Eurostat). Award notices on TED cover only the contracts above the EU thresholds, so they show who wins, not the whole of that spending."],"allPublicPurchasing":{"year":2025,"valueEur":2926602000000,"percentOfGdp":15.5,"percentOfGovernmentExpenditure":31.3,"definition":"General government intermediate consumption + gross fixed capital formation + social transfers in kind purchased from market producers (Eurostat ESA 2010 items P.2 + P.51G + D.632)."},"source":"Eurostat, government finance statistics (gov_10a_main, gov_10a_exp) and GDP (nama_10_gdp), https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/government-finance-statistics/database, retrieved 2026-11-09"},"industryReports":[],"method":"One award per procedure, lot and winning company from live TED contract award notices published since November 2023; a joint procurement counts on every buyer's market; values are awarded amounts only (framework ceilings and estimates never added), converted to euro at the ECB yearly average. Imports: only customs headings (HS 4 digits) whose trade is predominantly the CPV group, listed under imports.customsHeadings, all buyers, not only public ones; a category that no heading isolates has no import figure (imports: null). https://cresques.com/methodology","sources":["TED — Tenders Electronic Daily, © European Union, https://ted.europa.eu","Eurostat, international trade in goods (Comext), © European Union"],"licence":"CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","citation":"Cresques, \"Ink market in Europe\", https://cresques.com/markets/europe/226-ink, from TED contract award notices (© European Union) and Eurostat Comext, updated 13 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0."}